Multinational Management

October 1, 2020

Chp. 6 Employment Law, Labor standards, and ethics

The legal environment 法律

Types of legal systems

・Common law.   詳細は契約の中に含まれる

・Civil law         特に詳細ない約束事、大まかな感じ

・Islamic Law      紙によるものではなく関係性に基づく契約

Labor standards - International institutions

・Freedom of association and effective recognition of right to collective      bargaining

・Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor

・Effective abolition of child labor

・Elimination of discrimination in respect to employment and occupation

・UN(雇用法などの元々を立た機関)

・ILO (185か国が加入していて唯一の正式な労働機関)

・OECD (organization of economic cooperation) 細かいガイドライン担当

・World bank& intl. monetary fund (protecting social safety nets)

Intl. trade orgs and treaties

→Pursuing common labor standards

WTO, EU, NAFTA, Mercosur/Mercosul; Andean Community; ASEAN (SE Asian Nations); APEC など

Commercial Diplomacy 政治的影響と関係を利用して、国際貿易と投資を促進または影響を与え、市場の機能を改善し、市場の失敗に対処し、国境を越えた取引のコストとリスクを削減する。

様々な政府機関関係や他の規制問題を調整。

諸外国の政府指針や規制の決定に影響を与える。

・trade negotiations貿易交渉(tariff, non-tariff barriers, political interests)

・impact on policy decision making意思決定への影響(business interest, macro-economics, public opinion)

・government regulations政府による規制(banking accounting, telecommunications)

・legislation立法(anti-trust/competition law)

・standards(health, safety, environment, data privacy, product safety, labeling)

・Industrial subsidies(agricultural, R&D)

・Corporate conduct(human rights, corruption, bribery, corporate governance, CSR)

Global legal and regulatory context of MNEs

・International management/HR must comply with:

それぞれの国の法律、規制法、条例などにも準拠しなければならない。

・Laws of countries in which they operate, requiring knowledge of local laws and regulations.

・international standards and supranational(超国家的) regulations, requiring knowledge of intl. labor standards and binding regulations.

・extra-territirial laws of their headquartors' country, requiring knowledge of --.

Comparative law

・Immigration/Visas  移民/ビザ

・Personal Data/Privacy  個人情報

・Anti-Discrimination   差別アンチ

・Termination and Reduction in Force (よくわからない)

"employment at will"、Business closure; workplace closure; diminishing economic need for the workの３つだけが(企業からの？)不満を受け入れられる

・Intellectual Property  知的財産？

・Areas may overlap

International Framework of Ethics and Labor Standards

・ethical nature of business practices 何が正しくて何がいけないのか？文化の違いはその基準にどのようなインパクトを与えるか。

・corruption, bribery 腐敗、賄賂

・ethical dilemmas

・ethical relativism “絶対はない”

・ethical absolutism “世界共通の常識” いやめっちゃ逆説じゃん

・possible solution: cosmopolitanism ←??

・ethical dilemmas (sex/race discrimination in hiring, job placement, compensation, child labor, and unsafe working conditions)

International Ethics and Culture

・CSR behave ethically, contribute to economic development

・Be concerned about global ecological footprint

・Mindset and deliberate actions to fulfill social responsibility

企業がCSRを目指す理由

・Enhances reputation of company 企業の名声

・Reduces business and legal risks  ビジネスリスクが減る

・Increases customer loyalty   顧客満足度の上昇

・Averts pressure from investors     投資家からも

・Attracts and retains employees who desire to work for responsible companies    従業員からも

Corporate governance 

Sustainability